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There are many options for data center cooling, from cold and hot aisle isolation, self-cooling cabinets to the use of outside air.
Hot and cold channel isolation
In order to determine which cooling solution should be used in the data center, the advantages and disadvantages of each solution need to be weighed according to the needs. Is hot and cold channel isolation very important? Save energy? Is there flexibility in design?
Hot and cold aisle isolation means that the cold air flowing into the data center is isolated from the hot air that is discharged. Hot and cold aisle isolation requires specialized curtains, blinds, walls or other designs to isolate the hot and cold aisles. The effectiveness of the implementation depends on the budget, infrastructure design and project planning.
Advantages: Isolation avoids mixing of hot and cold air, and the load of the air conditioning system to reach the target temperature is relatively small. Sometimes isolation can reduce the number of air conditioning units needed.
Disadvantages: Strict data center layout increases design planning time, fire safety considerations, and infrastructure costs, especially for re-layout. The more isolated channels are deployed, the more obvious the disadvantages are.
The cabinets must be arranged back-to-back or face-to-face to change the layout of the rack so that cold air enters through a dedicated passage. It is necessary to fill the gap between the cabinets and block all unused rack space with blind plates. To prevent air from flowing through the top of the cabinet and reaching the end of the cabinet, fireproof and anti-static plastic curtains should be hung at the end of the cabinet and at the top of the cabinet. To achieve full closure, a side door is required to provide a barrier between the top of the cabinet and the ceiling.
Cold air cooling
If the air outside the data center can be kept below 27 degrees Celsius, then free cooling is possible to directly cool the equipment with filtered outside air, or use external air to cool the circulating water, only the mechanical pump is no longer needed.
Steam or insulated cooling also uses free air that flows through the wet medium. This technology can work in hotter climates by absorbing heat from evaporation.
Advantages: Free air cooling significantly reduces infrastructure energy usage and maintenance tasks. Free air cooling is often seen as a green or sustainable computing project.
A free cooling solution is available when the company upgrades to a server with a higher temperature at runtime. Free cooling is also available with mechanical cooling solutions.
Disadvantages: To use free cooling throughout the year, the data center must be located in a foreseeable area of temperature and humidity standards to meet the temperature and humidity requirements of the data center. With the continuous upgrade of computing devices, the temperature and humidity requirements of the data center may change.
Investing in the installation of a free cooling system is costly. The biggest challenge in free cooling design is usually the transition from mechanical cooling to non-mechanical cooling. If the mechanical system is still valid, removing these facilities can be difficult.
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