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Common Problems and Common Causes of Multi-split System Failures
1. Sensor Failure
The indoor environment temperature sensor and the coil temperature sensor account for the highest proportion in air conditioning failures. These sensors are mainly responsible for collecting core operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, and humidity, and transmitting the data to the control system to regulate the air conditioning operation status. Common sensor failures include open circuits and short circuits. Issues such as broken leads, poor contact of connectors, and loose soldering of sockets can cause open circuit failures. Problems like leakage of the circuit board and leakage of components can also lead to sensor failure.
Common causes:
Sensor aging or physical damage;
Poor contact in sensor wiring;
Open or short circuit faults in the sensor;
Drift in sensor resistance.
II. Insufficient Refrigerant
Insufficient refrigerant is a common failure in air conditioners, which will directly lead to a significant reduction in cooling and heating efficiency. To determine if the refrigerant is sufficient, three types of pressure values can be measured: equilibrium pressure, low-pressure pressure, and high-pressure pressure. In the cooling mode, reference should be made to the equilibrium pressure, low-pressure pressure, and high-pressure pressure; in the heating mode, the equilibrium pressure and high-pressure pressure should be mainly referred to.
Typical symptoms:
Poor cooling/heating performance;
Excessive heat in the compressor;
Small temperature difference between air intake and exhaust;
Dry air pipe valves without condensation;
Frost formation on liquid pipe valves;
Low values for both high and low pressure in the system;
Abnormally high temperature at the top of the compressor;
No obvious heat sensation from the outdoor unit's exhaust.
III. High-pressure Pressure Protection
High-pressure pressure protection is a core safety feature of the air conditioning system, designed to prevent abnormal increases in pressure on the high-pressure side that could cause damage to system components. During the summer, when the outdoor environment temperature is high, the cooling conditions of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner deteriorate, making it highly likely to trigger compressor overload and activate the high-pressure protection.
Common causes:
Poor heat dissipation of the outdoor unit;
Excessive refrigerant injection in the system;
Blockage of the refrigeration system pipes;
Malfunction of the heat dissipation components;
Inclusion of air in the system;
High return gas temperature of the compressor.
After the indoor unit is powered on, it fails to start and operate normally. Even after turning on, it cannot reach the set temperature, causing the air conditioning system to malfunction. When this fault occurs, first check the power connection status, and then test whether the control board and temperature sensor are functioning properly.
Common causes:
Abnormal power supply voltage;
Fault of the indoor unit control board;
Damage and failure of the temperature sensor.
V. Compressor does not start
The air conditioning compressor fails to start, usually due to abnormal power connection, overload protection activation, high/low pressure protection triggering, or control circuit faults; during maintenance, it is necessary to first check if the power supply is stable, and then check if the protection mechanism is triggered due to the compressor overheating.
Common causes:
The outdoor unit as a whole does not start;
Power supply failure;
Control board malfunction;
Compressor body damage;
Control circuit fault;
Sensor fault triggering protection;
Compressor's own protection mechanism activation.
VI. Abnormal Operating Noise
During the operation of the air conditioner, abnormal noises may occur. The causes are diverse: damage to the fan can lead to scraping and abnormal running sounds; wear of internal components of the compressor can produce mechanical noises; loose pipe fixation and air flow impact can also cause vibration and abnormal sounds. During the troubleshooting process, you can first check the condition of the fan blades and the motor, listen to the compressor to determine the internal wear situation, and at the same time reinforce the pipes and add supports to reduce vibration and solve the noise problem.
Common causes:
Damage to the fan body;
Wear of internal components of the compressor;
Vibration caused by improper fixation of the piping.
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